Shahtoot - King White Mulberry

Shahtoot is a new multi-purpose tree for Australia. It is a popular hybrid species in Pakistan and the Middle East because it is an attractive fruiting tree which is easy to grow and maintain. The large non-staining fruit is very sweet and nutritious. At around 30% sugar when fully ripe, Shahtoot is much sweeter than the English black mulberry. Being white and essentially seedless avoids the messy staining associated with other mulberries. Fruiting occurs from October through to December, and commences the first season from planting.
Growth Habits

Shahtoot is a vigorous growing deciduous tree to 10 m. It forms a dense crown with pendulous branches and makes an attractive spreading shade tree, especially when 'pinched out' to the desired shape.

The leaves are semi-lobed and vary from lime green on the new flush to dark green when mature. It is the branching nature ofShahtoot to grow 'out' rather then 'up' which sets it apart from other mulberries as an excellent garden specimen tree.

Where to Plant

Shahtoot is renowned for its hardiness. It withstands extremes of heat and cold, allowing it to thrive in Australia from the arid interior and tropical north through to the cold temperate south of the continent. In Pakistan it is cultivated to 3050 m ( 10, 000 feet).

Shahtoot is grafted onto vigorous seedling rootstock, making it a deep rooted tree which grows rapidly given adequate moisture and nutrients (3.5m in 12 months). However Shahtoot will also survive drought conditions making it an excellent shade tree for sheep and cattle-yards where it can be topped for fodder. In foul yards, chickens thrive on fallen fruit and benefit from the summer shade and winter sun that Shahtoot, being deciduous, provides. Shahtoot has excellent fire retardant capabilities.

Most soils are suitable for Shahtoot including heavy clay types. This adaptability makes Shahtootexcellent as a street tree and suited to all sunny garden situations as well as 'problem' landscaping sites like hot courtyards or concreted car-parks.

Tree Care and Pruning

Shahtoot is easy to establish and maintain. No sprays are needed since there are no known pests or diseases which attack the leaves or fruit, other than fruit eating birds.

Shahtoot responds to applied water and nutrients with rapid growth yet survives minimum care conditions equally well.

To obtain maximum branching on young trees it is preferable to 'pinch out' the terminal growth tips between thumb and forefinger when branches reach 1/2 to 1m length. Shahtoot can be pruned during winter dormancy with each lateral cut by approximately half. This also facilitates branches and maintains Shahtoot to a manageable size.

Uses:

Fruit: Shahtoot fruit can be eaten at half green stage when they are crisp and semi-sweet, or left until fully ripe when they turn white in colour and obtain maximum sweetness. Fruit falls to the ground at the white stage, which is assisted by shaking the tree.

Shahtoot fruit is excellent eaten fresh, its sweetness provides an ideal contrast to other foods in salads and sambals or on a cheeseplatter. Shahtoot makes a novel garnish to many dishes. In Pakistan Shahtoot is often dried and used as a source of sugar.

Analysis (fresh weight) * Fructose 14%; Glucose 13.1%; Sucrose 1.1%; other carbohydrates 1.8%; Vitamin C 10 mg/100 gm *(Aust. Govt. Anal. Lab.)

Tree - Other Uses: Shahtoot leaves are unparalleled for rearing silkworms. Shahtoot wood is hard, suitable for tuning and carving, especially for hockey sticks, cricket bats and stumps.

* Information from the Macbird Shahtoot Leaflet: The Shahtoot King White Mulberry Story

(Just for sharing article -Mulberrymalaysia.blogspot.com )

Shahtoot Mulberry has Health and Economic Benefits in Pakistan

Shahtoot mulberries are the fruit of the Himalayan or Pakistan mulberry tree; Morusserrata or Morus macroura. They are found at an altitude of between 1200 and 1700 feet in the Himalayan region. They differ from other mulberries because of their size, as they are elongated and can be five or even six inches long. They look like fat caterpillars at first glance. The name Shahtoot comes from the Farsi, meaning King of the Mulberries (toot being the name for mulberry in Farsi and Urdu). One Indian journalist, Dinesh Dhuman, has praised the Pakistani Shahtoot, writing that the mulberry has been “perfected in Pakistan.”

The shahtoot mulberry is sweeter tasting and longer than other mulberries. It can be red, black or white, has many health benefits and is making a comeback.

Health Benefits of Shahtoot Mulberries

All mulberries contain resveratol which is believed to prevent cancer. It may also protect the cardiovascular system and can alleviate chronic inflammation and postpone the onset of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. It is also considered to be an antiviral.

In traditional medicine the Shahtoot has been used to treat various diseases including asthma, bronchitis, diarrhea, hypertension, insomnia and melancholy. They are considered “happy” fruits in the Punjab province of Pakistan. As they contain niacin and riboflavin, perhaps this is not surprising.

They also contain high levels of potassium which is an energy booster, repairs cell damage, and stimulates the immune system. So the fruit is packed with substances which help our overall health.

The young leaves are used as a boiled vegetable and used in tisanes and these also contain potassium, phosphorous and calcium. These act as a diuretic and help flush toxins out of the body. They can be blended with green tea for a more palatable taste.

The Tree is a Part of Traditional Punjabi Culture

Unfortunately the mulberry trees in the Punjab have been depleted by a fungal disease and many were felled for fuel and to construct new roads and housing developments. A mulberry tree used to be beside almost all village wells and in fields, providing welcome shade for the labourers.

In previous times in the not so distant past, baskets would be woven from the bark and wood of the Shahtoot trees (tokra, the large baskets and tokri the smaller ones). However this ancient craft has died out in most regions. Small children would make bows and arrows from the flexible wood of the trees too, but they can no longer do this and plastic guns have taken the place of the traditional toys.

They are mentioned in folk songs in much the same manner as the British nursery rhyme about mulberry trees, “Here we go round the Mulberry Bush.”

Moves to Reintroduce Mulberry Trees

Pakistan’s Sericulture Wing of the Punjab Forest Department is hoping to reintroduce mulberry trees, including the white shahtoot, and a newly discovered mulberry bush-sized plant, to the region in an attempt to promote sericulture (silk worm farming) in rural areas. Currently Pakistan imports silk for use in its textile industry, so home produced silk would not only help the rural poor in the Punjab, but would also help the manufacturers.

People are eager to participate in the project, but are waiting for government help and guidelines. The Forest Department hope that soon more people will be able to make a living farming silk worms.

References

6th January 2010, “Cottage Industry can Employ 25% of Rural Population” The Nation, (daily English newspaper, Lahore, Pakistan)

Mushtaq Ahmed, et al., “Treatment of Common Ailments by Plant-Based Remedies Among the People of District Attock (Punjab) of Northern Pakistan” African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines Vol 4; 1; 2007 pp112-20

Dinesh Dhuman, 6th September 2010, “The Withering Tradition of Punjabi Basket Weaving” News, UKPHA org. (Accessed 10/11/2010)

Rujukan:https://suite.io/lynne-evans/4h6h2sk

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Khasiat mulberry

Mulberi (juga disebut Bebesaran) (Latin: Morus) adalah termasuk genus tumbuhan dari keluarga Moraceae. Ianya terdiri dari 10–16 spesies pohon Mulberi yang asli berasal dari kawasan beriklim panas dan subtropika di benua Asia, Afrika dan Amerika Latin. Namun kebanyakan dari spesies asli Mulberi berasal dari benua Asia.


Khasiat Pokok Mulberry

•Mulberry merupakan tumbuhan asli di bahagian tengah dan timur China. Dikenali dengan nama botaninya, Morus Alba, pokok mulberi yang ditanam di negara China adalah Mulberry putih. Pokok mulberi lain yang menghasilkan buah berwarna hitam dan merah pula banyak ditanam di negara-negara beriklim tropika dan sub-tropika. Salah satu kegunaan bahagian pokok Mulberry, terutama daunnya adalah sebagai makanan utama ulat sutera. Maka disebabkan itulah jika di Malayasia, daun pokok Mulberry dikenali sebagai daun ulat sutera atau besaram. Buah Mulberry mengandungi asid sitrik, gula dan vitamin C. Daun Mulberry pula mengandungi adenin, amilas, asid suksinik, karotena dan kolin. Biji Mulberry mengandungi ureas.

•Manakala kulit akar pokok mulberi mengandungi beta-amirin, minyak meruap, resinotanol dan sitosterol. Bagi masyarakat di negara China, selain buahnya boleh dimakan segar atau dibuat jem, terdapat juga kegunaan lain. Secara tradisionalnya, buah Mulberry telah digunakan sebagai agen ubatan bagi memberi khasiat kepada yin dan darah, memberi kebaikan kepada buah pinggang dan merawat masalah lemah, keletihan, anemia dan masalah rambut beruban. Kuatkan sistem cerna dan serapan Buah Mulberry turut digunakan untuk merawat masalah ketidak-bolehan mengawal keluarnya air kencing, pening dan masalah sembelit warga tua.

•Disebabkan banyak khasiatnya, maka jus Mulberry telah dihasilkan secara komersial sebagai makanan kesihatan dan amat popular di China, Jepun dan Korea. Bukan itu sahaja, buah yang telah dikeringkan juga boleh dijadikan sebagai pengganti raisin. Buah Mulberry juga dikatakan mampu memberi khasiat dan merangsang penghasilan cecair badan. Mereka yang mengalami masalah kekurangan cecair, mulut mereka anak kering dan lidah terasa panas. Elok juka mereka makan buah ini bagi memberi khasiat dan menambahkan cecair badan. Mereka yang mengalami masalah mata kering akibat keletihan mata dan akibat bekerja boleh juga mengambil jus mulberi bagi menambahkan cecair badan dan menguatkan penglihatan.

•Buah Mulberry juga mengandungi unsur-unsur khasiat seperti mineral dan vitamin. Dikatakan dengan memakan buah Mulberry, mampu membantu menyembuhkan penyakit kronik pada saluran pencernaan, merangsang rembesan cecair gastrik, menguatkan kebolehan bagi mencerna dan menyerap, memperbaiki selera makan dan membuang kembung perut dan sembelit. Wanita yang mengalami simptom-simptom seperti anemia, kepucatan, rasa pening, sukar untuk tidur dan jantung berdebar-debar dengan kerap terutamanya selepas melahirkan bayi, bolehlah mengambil jus mulberi dengan kerap bagi mengurangkan simptom-simptom tersebut. Ubat kebas tangan dan kaki

•Daun Mulberry pula dikatakan boleh direbus dan digunakan sebagai ubat mencuci mata yang merah dan bengkak. Daun yang telah kering pula dikatakan boleh dicampur dengan air mendidih atau direbus. Air ini dikatakan boleh diminum untuk tujuan membersihkan tubuh badan, merangsang peluh, ubat batuk, demam panas dan selsema. Daun yang telah dipanaskan pula dikatakan boleh disapu minyak dan dijadikan sebagai ubat tampal pada luka yang parah. Bagi mereka yang mengalami masalah gigitan atau sengatan serangga, daun yang telah ditumbuk lumat boleh dijadikan sebagai unat tampal pada bekas gigitan atau sengatan serangga tersebut.

•Jika mengalami masalah tangan atau kaki yang kebas, bolehlah mengambil getah daripada daun atau ranting mulberi, kemudiannya gosokkan pada bahagian yang kebas. Akar pokok Mulberry boleh direbus dan dijadikan sebagai air minum bagi merawat asma, batuk, busung, melawaskan pembuangan air kecil dan radang.

•Air rebusan kulit pokok mulberi pula dikatakan boleh diminum untuk merawat sistem pernafasan, asma, batuk, bronchitis, busung, menyingkirkan kahak dan hingus, tekanan darah tinggi, kebas tangan atau kaki. Ranting kering pokok mulberi pula dikatakan boleh direbus dan dijadikan sebagai air minum bagi merawat demam panas dan mengatasi rasa sakit. Walaupun terdapat pelbagai khasiat dan kebaikan Mulberry, perlulah mendapatkan nasihat daripada pengamal perubatan bagi mengelakkan kemudaratan di kemudian hari kelak.

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